Amar Bose and his Bose Stereo: Passion for Excellence

Amar Gopal Bose, an American with Indian origins (born to an Indian father, who was a freedom fighter) was a professor at MIT, and CEO of the (World renowned) Bose Corporation passed away recently (June 12, 2012 at the age of 83). This short post recounts his quest and pursuit of excellence in creating world-class systems.

Bose Stereo Speakers are world-class and there is no need to shout it over the top, as its systems are installed in Sistine Chapel in Vatican City and also in the grand mosque, Masjid al-Haram in Mecca – cutting across different religions but unifying through its quality product.

Amar Bose’s venture into creating the world’s best audio system starts like this: Bose bought a high-end stereo system in 1956 with technically impressive specifications, thinking it will be able to reproduce the quality of sound as in a live performance in an auditorium, but failed miserably. Bose, then a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), researched on acoustics and produced a stereo loudspeaker that would reproduce music as you would listen in an auditorium, and without any sub-woofers.  

Bose then founded his own company Bose Corporation in 1964 with funding from angel investors and from his mentor and professor Dr. Lee. Bose said he never wanted to do business to make money, but to try out his creative ideas and research. A point to note is that though the first speakers were a flop, subsequent product releases delivered through extensive research garnered huge appreciation and gave them required reputation. 

Bose had varied interests and developed technologies for regulating electric power on Jets, noise-canceling head phones, suspension system in cars (a very innovative technology developed after 24 years of research!)

Though a founder of a firm, he continued as a professor at MIT, till 2001; and he also donated a major chunk of shares in his company to MIT – as a gratitude to the institution. 

As I write about this genius, two thoughts occupy my mind. One is the link between passion and excellence – his passion for excellence coupled with his curiosity and persistence (what can explain several years of research without results for many years) lead to greatness; and the other is about when will the Indian academic system will create such an conducive environment for such passionate researchers to thrive?

Few Notable Quotes by Bose: 

•  I wanted to teach thought, not formulas; – as a professor to his students at MIT

•  Learn how to work through the problems you’ll experience in life, in any subject – to his students

•  Better Products through Research – his company tagline

•  I went into business so that I could do interesting things that hadn’t been done before

India’s Telephone Service in 1970’s and 80’s

India’s 162 year old telegram service (1851-2013) had come to an end on July 14, 2013.  At this juncture, I wondered how many of us know how the telephone system worked, especially in the 1970’s or 1980’s, where telephones were not available in our residences. 

If you need need to make a long distance call, to your relative residing in a farther location, all you need to do was to walk up to your nearest Postal and Telegraph office, and the following process ensues. 

• At your nearest postal and telegraph office, you book a ‘trunk call’ by giving your relative’s name and full residential address (and your details too) to the operator or clerk there. You may also have to typically pay an advance amount of Rs.10/- (Remember this was during 1980’s).
• The operator then calls your relative’s corresponding postal and telegraph office and informs about your and your relative’s details to the operator and asks them to inform your relative. 
• A person from your relative’s postal and telegraph office then goes to the residence of your relative and informs him about your call, and requests the relative to come to the office to speak with you. 
• After your relative goes to his local postal and telegraph office, the operator informs your operator and then the call is initiated, generally by you (as the caller) and you communicate.  Billing is based on “caller pays”, though I am not sure of the rates, and had felt it was generally low – even in 80’s – and have felt that it in many occasions the operator will refund you the money you paid.  

In three decades, the voice communications have evolved drastically from the above scenario to landline telephones becoming affordable, telephone booths at every corner, and the arrival of mobile phones that have wiped out both of the above and converted it from a family device to a personal device and future looks bright for mobiles with 4G and LTE knocking at our doors .. oops … mobiles. 

The Fine Art of Delicate Balancing

Warning: This post might sound like a philosophical rambling, though it’s not. 

 

Balancing is a critical aspect, and required in all aspects of our life, especially for us – the so called evolved and intelligent species on earth!

Balancing, especially Delicate Balancing is required in all situations, and if everyone of us could master it,  there won’t be conflicts or war, despite difference of opinions and perceptions.   

Though this may sound odd, we try to perform this art (or exercise) many a times in our daily lives. Starting with learning to balance a bicycle, or driving a car, we do the act of balancing every day, and almost every moment. We require this quality to achieve any objective, and also to keep the wheels of our lives moving.  

Delicate Balancing is present abundantly in nature, as in case of Water – the most basic and essential element of life – we can find a delicately balanced perfect liquid – composed of water molecules that mingle in a perfect way that are neither tightly bonded (solid/ice) nor completely independent of each other (gas/vapor).   Few more examples derived from Nature, Mythology, Philosophy and from real life are given below:

• Planetary System and their orbits that make earth conducive for life 
• Even ‘Amruth’ – a drink that is supposed to give eternal life, as in Hindu Mythology, is advised only to be taken in the right quantum; excessive dosage will function as a poison – as per a Tamil proverb – (அளவுக்கு மீறினால் அமிர்தமும் நஞ்சு) . 
• The concept of Yin and Yang emphasizes the concept of delicate balancing – as balancing between two opposing forces; balancing between positive and negatives and so on …  
• Equilibrium between Supply and Demand in a (free) market, wherein both the producers and consumers will benefit (Consumers pay the minimum possible cost or the minimum sustainable profit in the producer’s perspective)
• If you are a typical Indian married male, you know that balancing the intellectual (!) arguments between your wife and mother, requires delicate balancing, and you know the results of failure 🙂 

 

Yin and Yang is all about Balancing

To put this in a general perspective, let us consider The Internet – a revolutionary tool created by the mankind – that could eventually allows us to connect with anybody in this world, breaking all borders and barriers (Wish this continues and grows for ever) and where all kinds of information can be found, and sometimes one might find information that is provocative or information that is false. 

The Father of Internet, Dr. Vinton Cerf advises on the issue of dealing with such emotional and sensitive information on Internet by applying the Critical Thinking Capability – to know and understand all aspects of an issue or an event or an argument, and this, essentially requires us to develop  a trait – the art of delicate balancing to enable us to move forward.  

We all know that everyone of us are unique and will serve a purpose in this big Universe. Hence there will be frictions and arguments due to difference of opinions and perceptions, but there will be some valid point in all sides of an argument. To gear up ourselves and to move forward, we need to equip ourselves with abilities to achieve the delicate balancing without which we shall remain stagnant and vanish. 

Delicate Balancing is like balancing a coin without taking sides – of the head or tail, but understanding them – and only such a delicately balanced coin will be able to move easily .

Though we are capable of practicing this art of delicate balancing, we tend to ignore it when we are under emotional stress or when we want to willingly disconnect from this quality of ours to achieve a emotional high. We often tend to loose this quality when we deal with situations that provoke us. 

It’s difficult, but not impossible, for us to practice this art at every small step that we take in our day-to-day lives, and like every art, this too requires persistence, patience, and practice.

P.S: Well, I understand preaching is easy, while practicing is difficult. I hope and wish I will master it one day and will be able to figure it out in every situation. 

The Year 2012 – for me

It’s becoming difficult to blog these days! With Work pressure,  Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter), Professional Networking (LinkedIn) eating up your time,  its difficult to blog unless you have a compelling reason to write.  Let me stop here, otherwise this subject matter would be a blog post by itself. 

So, I start this year, as usual by reflecting about myself in the past year – 2012.  It had it own share of satisfactions and disappointments

• The Academic Networking Portal that we were building picked up a good number of users without any promotions and despite our deliberate underplayed stance. We started the year with less than 100 users and by the end of the year, we had more than 1700+ registered users. 

• Faced lot of heat and pressure (and sleepless nights) on the project related to a DR setup. As this was the first of the kind project being executed by me, and the first of its kind to the entire organization, it was really challenging as there were too lengthy processes and execution of it took its own sweet time.   Spent my full time only on this effort in the last few months of the year, pushing myself hard and taking the extra long steps to see things are getting done. 

• Attended a conference on Disaster Management and was impressed by the speakers from all over the world. Had a paper presentation in the same conference and got the ‘Best Paper Award’ but felt bad as the organizers never handed over the promised cash prize!

• Disappointed by the way private schools collect money and wondered what great ideals could be imparted to the children by them!

• Got selected for a Training Program (One among the only 2 participants from India) on Information Security Management System – ISO 27000 organized by Asian Productivity Organization and conducted by Korea Productivity Centre at Seoul, Republic of Korea.  Had a very nice, interesting and useful experience. 

• Got Selected for the Internet Society’s Next Generation Leadership Program – an E-Learning Course on History and Future of Internet and Governance. Very happy and cherished the learning’s and experience I gained through this. Successfully completed the course. 

• Got involved in a project proposal that was very innovative, and will change the digital landscape of   e-governance services – a project related to authentication. However due to prolonging delays and certain other issues, I exited out of it. 

• An Organizational change happened, at an unexpected time, and in a very rapid way, which no one expected it to happen in such  a way. It created lots of doubts, fears etc… though such a change was logical and was bound to happen one day. It shook us. 

• Received my PhD Degree in Convocation

• Internship Guidance: Guided a good number of students/interns. Learnt a lesson that not all students come with open minds and interests in doing Internship – some of them have their own self-interests and will waste your time and energy – So lesson is to be careful and choose only the right students. 

• Some Moments: Wireless Internet Connection,  Conduction of Internal ISO Audit; 

• Travel: Nagercoil, Tirupathi,  Andaman, Seoul and  Hong Kong. So travel in 2012 was exciting!

Seoul and Hong Kong

I visited Seoul for a short training program this year in May, and while on the way back had an opportunity to spend few hours in Hong Kong (Thanks to the long transit hours).  Well this was two months before the Korean hit ‘Gangnam Style’ was released. I came to know of Olympics and watched the first Olympic  games in Television, when it happened in Seoul and at that time (1980’s) never thought or even dreamt that I would visit it later in my life.

Namsan Seoul Tower

Seoul is a neat, clean and big city. I had the opportunity to visit few places like the Namsan Seoul Tower and the Gyeongbokgung palace. In Seoul’s love tower there is an interesting practice of lovers tying locks – called love padlocks to fences and then throwing the keys away.  The Gyeongbokgung palace has a long history dating back to 14th Century. It is a beautiful and picturesque place to watch.

King Sejong

While roaming around I found a number of shops that sell women’s beauty products and I should say such shops were almost everywhere, and I realized the magnitude of this business only here.  BB (Blemish Balm) Cream and perfumes are something to look out for in these shops. I also observed a good number of Coffee Shops like Starbucks and assumed that Koreans are fond of Coffee and Chocolate (Lotte is famous and has huge presence here, as the founder is from Korea), till I discovered Ginseng Tea.

I found that people are generally helpful. Myself and my friends lost our way and a passer-by took us to the local traffic cop who dropped us at our Hotel.  I also observed that people were widely using smart phones and relying on apps for many services.

Two things that are of concern to me was food and Language. For a vegetarian (different from vegan, as Milk and its byproducts are fine with me), its really tough to find vegetarian food / dishes. Also communicating with the people to ensure that a food item does not contain meat or fish was difficult. Communicating in English was a problem, many a times.

On the way back, I managed to spend few hours in Hong Kong. I roamed around the streets, saw a good number of Indian restaurants, spent some time in Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Museum, knowing about his life and traveled to the  Kowloon Island through the Star ferry service – saw the Star-Cruise luxury ships on the way. In Kowloon, took a local bus to go and see Sky Towers, which was quite disappointing,(probably it would have been better in day times) and then took the Airport Express – Metro train connecting three islands – Hongkong, Kowloon, and  Chep Lak Kok (An artificial island) to reach Airport.

Hong Kong Skyline

Both HongKong and Seoul are nice places to visit for an Holiday

The Laminated Truth in Digital World

It was the early 1990’s, when I was in my high school.  Lamination as a technology and as a industry was growing and touching our everyday lives – in the form of laminated identity card, laminated report card, laminated photographs etc…  It protected the cards and photographs from being smudged or stained. 

We were then quite surprised by the ‘neat and clean’ work done, through lamination, and it became so entrenched in our conversations, a new phrase called “Laminated Truth” was created – to mean absolute truth! and to convey that the information or message heard (invariably over heard) by that person has not been altered or modified in any way. Determining the truthfulness of this “laminated truth” is entirely a different matter altogether … 

Coming back to today’s digital world, where “cut & paste” is the norm, and documents could easily be forged, how do you achieve this “laminated truth”?  – The answer is Cryptography. A mathematical one-way function called Cryptographic Hash Function produces a fixed-size bit string for the input message. The beauty of this function is that any alteration in the input message, even as insignificant as punctuation, will produce a different output bit string. For instance “Its mine” and “Its mine.” will produce different bit strings, as the second message contains a period at the end. 

The fixed-size output bit string produced by the Cryptographic Hash Function is called as “Message Digest”, which form the basis for a “Digital Signature”.  The digital signature is nothing but the encryption of the “Message Digest” by using a key that is personal (private key) to the author or signer of the message. This encrypted digital signature could then be decrypted only by using the one and the only another key that has a mathematical pairing with the key used for encryption, and which is generally announced publicly (public key) by the author or signer.  

Therefore the signer has a pair of keys with him or her – One of them is announced publicly – called public key, another is kept secretly – called private key. A message encrypted using public key could be decrypted only by using the private key, and a message encrypted by using private key could only be decrypted using the public key.  The digital signature provides a reliable mechanism for anybody to determine whether a message is indeed a laminated truth!  

Kaapi and Coffee

After writing about a hot and serious topic (on Religion), its time to unwind and thought I will focus on a hot but not a serious topic.

I like Coffee … with milk and sugar; and preferably with pure coffee powder (without chicory; and preferably with Peaberry Coffee Beans) and would like it to be a filter coffee (instead of instant variety; though I like the freeze-dried instant powder); served at sipping hot levels and with froth at top.

Well the above description of Coffee refers to South Indian Filter Coffee pronounced popularly as “Kaapi”. If you are keen to know, how this is prepared, follow this link , else follow these steps:

• Add 20 grams of fresh roasted coffee powder to the brew basket.
• Pour 200 ml of freshly boiled water over the coffee powder and close the brew basket.
• Allow it to brew for 4-6 Minutes
• Wait for the brewing cycle to complete.
• Pour the brew into the cup
• Add fresh hot milk and sugar to the brew

Of course I had tasted the modern varieties of coffee also and liked Cafe Latte and Cafe Mocha. Though I was able to distinguish between the taste of different varieties, I only later realized the compositions of different varieties. Here they are:

• Cappuccino – Espresso (1/3) + Steamed Milk (1/3) + Milk Foam(1/3)
• Espresso – Espresso (Black Coffee)
• Cafe Latte – Espresso(1/3) + Steamed Milk(2/3) + Milk Foam(as a topping)
• Cafe Mocha – Espresso + Chocolate Syrup +  Steamed Milk + Whipped Cream
• Latte Macchiato – Steamed Milk (1/2.5) +  Milk Foam + (1/2.5) + Espresso (< 1/6th)
• Americano – Espresso (1/3) + Hot Water (2/3)
• Cafe au Lait – Coffee + Milk

As you can find Cafe Latte (also called simply as Latte) and Cappuccino are similar; but the proportions of Steamed Milk is higher in the former which makes it comparable with the Indian Filter Coffee, and Latte Macchiato (pronounced as: lawthe muckiyatho) makes it comparable to a ‘light’ Indian Filter Coffee. Cappuccino and Caffe Latte both originated in Italy. Latte Macchiato is very popular in Germany.

As you can see Espresso is the base, and it is nothing but the coffee decoction. However espresso is prepared by a different style of brewing, especially using Espresso Coffee machines in contrast to the simple method adopted for preparing decoction in Indian filter coffee.  Espresso is therefore liquid coffee extracted very fast under both high pressure and temperature. A 30 ml of Espresso coffee can be extracted from about 7 -10 grams of Coffee powder within 30 seconds.  The extraction takes very little time, but the espresso coffee has to be consumed immediately after brewing to get that taste.

I also found that WMF coffee machines are used in high-end restaurants and hotels, like the one below.

Think it’s enough of writing about coffee! – Looking for a hot Indian filter coffee!

Why new religions find it difficult to evolve?

I feel, this time, I have a more introspective topic to write about – about the evolution of new religions – continuing with my previous post on “Religions and Institutionalization“.

As usual it started with a ‘controversial’ discussion on religion and God, and as we sifted through topics like Scientology and Tom Cruise an interesting question emerged – why we do not have any new religions emerging recently? This is despite having a much smaller world – interconnected in many ways, including the Internet and its latest social networking platforms, when propagation of messages can go viral!

A quick survey on the Web did not reveal much, (though it revealed interesting religions as in this link) and an extensive search would be required considering this list. Though  many of them are referred as ‘religions’ and some were found as late as in 1980’s they do not seem to have any significant following. But at the same time, we cannot underestimate them, because today’s popular religions also would have started in the same way, but took atleast 3-4 centuries to spread and establish themselves across the world. So, we never know! despite the connected world we live in.

In my analysis, I believe that there are two strong characteristics that are exhibited by today’s popular religions, which will stop or delay the arise of any new religion – one is continuous propagation (and propagation through all new media) by identified leaders – and the other is the embedding of the sense of community among their members, which is done by regular and mandatory gathering of their members in a place for worship. The latter ideal ensures that people don’t get distanced too much from their current religious practice and instills a sense of ‘belonging’ and probably ‘pressure’ on who are not inclined.

Disclaimer: I don’t intend to start a new religion! and I am not an atheist!

Religions and Institutionalization

We had an interesting discussion on “Institutions” in one of my classes where I was explaining about the quality processes that has to be inculcated in an organization, and work towards insitutionalization of the same to reap the benefits. Well this blog is not about it, but about religions.

Religions serve as an excellent example of institutionalization – institutionalization of beliefs on God, and the processes represent the rituals and customs carried out by the followers of that religion.  Now the question: Does institutionalization really benefit here?  My answer: NO.

When we institutionalize the beliefs on god, and evolve them as religions, it becomes one more identity for a person. However the purpose of any religion is to lead its followers to the spiritual path, and largely that requires an individual’s own effort and will.

A religion can provide an identity, impose conditions of behavior, that might lead to the spiritual path, but can’t guarantee it. Also here we are dealing with abstractness and results or effects would not be tangible always to measure. A goodness of a person has to be judged over his/her lifetime giving appropriate weight to their environments and circumstances – well that’s what GOD  would supposedly do in one’s after life, according to many religions.

In quality processes, there is a scope for review and continuous improvement, which can lead to new and different processes over time. However today’s religions does not allow to redefine or re-orient or even re-look at the changing needs and hence constrain you to the same beliefs that were set long ago, often justified by saying that all of the processes (rituals, beliefs, and customs)  followed in a religion relate to “core values” and hence are sacrosanct and there’s only one choice – either you subscribe to it or get left out. 

Disclaimer: I am NOT an atheist.

2011 – The year that was for me!

I had been pushing myself to write this post, as it had become a kind of ‘ritual’ for me to start an year’s blogging with reflections of my past year. Also, I should admit that, after I started ‘tweeting’, it has become extremely difficult to Blog!  So here, I go…

• My Current project had been driving me – as, I got more passionate about it, as days passed by in 2011, and I believe it will surely be of help to students and the academic community
• My successful completion of PhD in Computer Science – The long awaited final defense examination (viva-voce) happened on a day that’s simply unforgetful! – on 11/11/2011, and ofcourse, had a sigh of relief! after the declaration of PhD award
• Attended WWW2011 Conference for the first time, and was very happy to listen to few great people, including Tim Berners-Lee and even managed to have a small discussion with him on Semantic Web, and ofcourse a photograph with him.  
• A lot of learning happened in a very different project, relating to setup of a DR. Though had to encounter and learn too many things that are far from my profession, I was happily taking on the challenges!, and did not have much regrets even when the bosses fired us on our slow pace of work!
• Continued to lead the ISO activities in the office; and managed to organize a Project Management Training for the staff members.
• Managed to coordinate and organize two National-level Symposiums on PKI and Digital Signatures along with my friend and colleague Mr. Misbahuddin.  Though I was only a team member here, I was happy that this effort came to a good end. 
• Started Tweeting! and found to be really interesting and useful (This is ironic, because when twitter started, and when I saw the way people were using it initially, I thought it may not be of much use for me!) – This gave me a lesson – Any tool can be used effectively, and it all depends on the user and their context!
• Travel: Hamirpur in Himachal Pradesh (and also visited Dalai Lama’s residence), Indore, Kashmir (Beautiful Valley; Visited Srinagar, Gulmarg and Pahalgam), Kanyakumari & ; Nagercoil in Tamil Nadu; and my usual trips to Delhi. A very interesting thing happened was I had to travel from Kanyakumari to Kashmir within a span of a day or two.   

Overall, many things were falling in place, and really got a sense of accomplishment, despite some odd firings from few bosses!